ODB - compiler-based ORM for C++
Wednesday, September 29th, 2010If you have read my earlier posts on parsing C++ with GCC plugins (Part 1, Part 2, and Part 3), then you might remember that I mentioned a secret project that I have been working on. You might also have noticed that I’ve been neglecting this blog lately. Well, today is the day to unveil this secret project, which is what kept me busy for these past several months.
The project is called ODB and it is a compiler-based object-relational mapping (ORM) system for C++. It allows you to persist C++ objects to a relational database without having to deal with tables, columns, or SQL.
You might have already used other ORM implementations for C++. And if you have been exposed to ORM systems for other mainstream languages, such as Hibernate for Java, the C++ versions must have felt pretty inferior. The major sore point is the need to write some sort of serialization or registration code for each and every data member in each and every persistent class. Forgot to register a new member? Say good bye to your data.
The primary goal of the ODB project is to change that. It takes a different approach and uses a C++ compiler to parse your classes and automatically generate the database conversion code. Or, more precisely, it uses the new GCC plugin architecture to re-use the tried and tested GCC compiler frontend to parse C++. As a result, ODB is capable of handling any C++ code. While the ODB compiler uses GCC internally, its output is standard C++ which means that you can use any C++ compiler to build the generated code and your application.
Let’s see how a persistent class declaration will look in ODB:
#pragma db object
class person
{
...
private:
friend class odb::access;
person ();
#pragma db id auto
unsigned long id_;
string first_;
string last_;
unsigned short age_;
};
ODB is not a framework. It does not dictate how you should write your application. Rather, it is designed to fit into your style and architecture by only handling C++ object persistence and not interfering with any other functionality. As you can see, existing classes can be made persistent with only a few modifications.
Given the above class, we can perform various database operations with its objects:
person john ("John", "Doe", 31);
person jane ("Jane", "Doe", 29);
transaction t (db.begin ());
db.persist (john);
db.persist (jane);
result r (db.query<person> (query::age < 30));
copy (r.begin (),
r.end (),
ostream_iterator<person> (cout, "n"));
jane.age (jane.age () + 1);
db.update (jane);
t.commit ();
ODB is written in portable C++ and you should be able to use it with any modern C++ compiler. We have tested this release on GNU/Linux (x86/x86-64), Windows (x86/x86-64), Mac OS X, and Solaris (x86/x86-64/SPARC) with GNU g++ 4.2.x-4.5.x, MS Visual C++ 2008 and 2010, and Sun Studio 12. The dependency-free ODB compiler binaries are available for all of the above platforms. The initial release only supports MySQL as the underlying database. Support for other database systems is in the works.
Well, I hope this sounds as exciting to you as it does to me. And I hope you will enjoy playing around with ODB (check out the Hello World Example if nothing else) while I go catch up on some sleep.